Other alternatives are discussed, as well as the importance of material quality testing and material behavior simulation in the melting process. Thermal preparation processes like sintering and pelletizing are introduced, as well as cold preparation technologies, namely briquetting and stone making. The direct use of iron ore is limited in metallurgical processes due to performance restrictions. The processes and their worldwide application are discussed in detail. Carbon-based fuel must be either ground to powder to be injected or baked to coke to be top-charged into the blast furnace. Burden physical and thermal preparation is required.

Most of the raw materials introduced previously cannot be utilized directly in the iron and steelmaking processes applied. The session concludes with an introduction of modern recycling technologies to reutilize all kinds of dust, sludge and other iron-bearing mill waste according to the material efficiency indicators of the sustainability approach. Preparation and efficient use for cost-effective production will be discussed.

Iron ore, coal, alloys, fuels, fluxes and recycled products will be described in terms of origin, availability, trade, chemical and physical properties, and logistics involved in bringing them to steel-producing sites. Steel production requires efficient sourcing and use of raw materials. These indicators focus on greenhouse gas emissions, energy and material efficiencies, environmental management systems, reduction in lost-time injuries, employee training, investment in new processes and technology, and providing a defined value to society. Indicators will be presented to illustrate what it means for a steel company to be sustainable. Among these basic needs, eight sustainability indicators have been developed, summarizing the responsibility of steel industry employers to their employees, their social roles and their environmental behaviors. Safety and environmental considerations have taken prominent positions in sustainable steel production. The process route varieties will be explained, as well as the “steelmaking disease.” The session concludes with an overview of world steel statistics, a steel market review and a statistical overview of the host country’s current steel industry situation.

Included will be the histories of ironmaking, steelmaking and continuous casting, as well as how the steel industry spurred the industrialization of the modern world. The progress in technology over those years will be presented to create a foundation for the remaining MSTS 201: Steelmaking presentations. Through the last 6,000 years, the art of ironmaking has gradually turned into the science of steelmaking and continuous casting. Iron has been utilized by man since approximately 4,000 B.C. History and Fundamentals of Iron- and Steelmaking

Ld process of steel making